Updated+Revision-Cow Slaughter Issue

What?
1.Killing of large number of Cattle

Recent order

1.On 26 May 2017, the Ministry of Environment of Indian Central Government imposed a ban on the SALEand PURCHASE of cattle for slaughter at animal markets across India, under Prevention of Cruelty to Animals statutes.

Law

1.Constitution--

--Art-48-prohibit the slaughter of cows and calves and other milch and draught cattle.

--The "Preservation, protection and improvement of stock and prevention of animal diseases, veterinary training and practice" is Entry 15 of the State List of the Seventh Schedule of theConstitution, meaning that State legislatureshave exclusive powers to legislate the prevention of slaughter and preservation of cattle.

-Art-51A(g)----Compasion towards animal

2.SC--On 26 October 2005, the Supreme Court of India, in a landmark judgement upheld the constitutional validity of anti-cow slaughter laws enacted by different state governments in India.

3.States--24 out of 29 states in India currently have various regulations prohibiting either the slaughter or sale of cows.

-No Restriction-Kerala, West Bengal, Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Tripura and Sikkim

4.Trade law-export and import of beef (meat of cow, oxen and calf) is prohibited.

--Permitted--Only the boneless meat of buffalo (carabeef) is permitted for export.

5.Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act



Institutions
1.Ministry of Environment and Forests.

Issue

1.Conflict in religious sanctions---

--Slaughter not allowed----Hindu,Budhism, Jainism and Sikhism 

--Allowed in---Islam and Christianity, Some Hinduism and other Indian Religion.

---Background Context--Multireligious Society-thus conflict chances increases due to any difference of opinion which are at cross purpose.

2.Different Law in different state

Against slaughter

1.Animal welfare----cows, buffalo, and other animals

2.religious sentiment---hinduism

3.environment benefit---ngt ban the illegal sluagher house bcz of this

4.cow stock is declining--as per animal sirvey of 2012 bufffalo stock inc by 28% and cow by 10% from 2007

5.Ethical---Non-Violence of Gandhiji, Budhism, Constitution and General Ethical principle

In favour

1.employment---25 lakhs job wid b effected in UP---mostly marginalised incl SC

2.industry---export industry---india wud loose edge w.r.t brasil and north america who are major competitor of India's buffalo(indians buffalo are cheap)---export from state was at 11350 crore in 2015-16

3.other industry---leather industry wud b effevyed and expprt of leather (one of biggest export industry of india)

4.demand driven---modernism, nutrition, globalisatipn, ---demand in abroad

5.--demand driven market the animals valuable in the Materialistics society---thus their welfsre us taken care---way for having value of cows other than as meat

Historical Context

1.Ancient India---

-Favour Slaughter-According to D. N. Jha, cattle including cows were neither inviolable nor revered in the ancient times as they were later

-Against-Cattle as source of milk, and other benefit in pastoral society.;;;;Non-Violence preaching by Budhism and Jainism;;; To promote agriculture economy which could suppport large towns coming up from 6th Century BCE

2.Medieval India

-Akbar-Ban Cow Slaughter

-Aurangzeb-Lifted Cow Slaughter Ban

3.British Era

-With the advent of British rule in India, eating beef along with drinking whiskey, in English-language colleges in Bengal, became a method of fitting in into the British culture. 

-The reverence for the cow played a role in theIndian Rebellion of 1857 against the British East India Company. 

-Historians argue that the symbol of the cow was used as a means of mobilizing Hindus.^[106] In 1870, the Namdhari Sikhsstarted the Kukua Revolution, revolting against the British, and seeking to protect the cows from slaughter. A few years later,Swami Dayananda Saraswati called for the stoppage of cow slaughter by the British and suggested the formation of Go-samvardhani Sabhas.

-Gandhi supported cow protection and opposed cow slaughter.According to Gandhi, cow protection means "protection of lives that are helpless and weak in the world". 

Data

1.According to UN's Food and Agriculture Organization and European Union, India beef consumption per capita per year is the world's lowest amongst the countries it surveyed

2.According to a 2012 report, India ranks 5th in the world inbeef production and 7th in domestic consumption

3.According to a 2016 USDA review, India has rapidly grown to become the world's largest beef exporter, accounting for 20% of world's beef trade based on its large water buffalo meat processing industry

Way forward

1.gradual change with opportunity for better employment in other field---employment tackle

2.consumer awareness and linked it to global warming---societal changes

3.providing more incentive to inc research of artificial meat so that it can b affordable and available



Videos

1.Rajya Sabha TV---

https://youtu.be/ajzKhrhY8NQ