Topics
1.Current issue
2.What
3.Need
4.Benefit
5.Difference with sculpture
6.Indian Architecture
7.Issues with Indian Architecture
8. Constitution and Law
9.Institutions
10.Unesco and Architecture
11.Way to preserve
12.Steps taken so far
13.Qustn for prelims
14.Qustn for mains
15.Qustn for interview
----Current Issue-----
Amendment to Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act,1958 proposed---
Proposal
1.Allow construction of ""public"" infrastructure like bridges, highways within 100 metres of protected monuments but only for projects approved and sanctioned by the Union government.
Present Status-
A-Such Construction is prohibited,
B-Bye-law is issued for every project
Why?
1.Projects get stalled due to restrictions and engineers have to redesign their project eg-
The India Trade Promotion Organisation (ITPO) realigned its 1.1km Mathura Road-Ring Road underpass cutting through Pragati Maidan as the project was too close to Purana Quila and Sher Shah Suri’s fort.
Issue with amendment.
1.Already Monuments are not well protected, such amendment would further endanger the heritage sites
2.Such construction would lead to destruction of heritage site as negative effect of structure around it--for eg--pollution around the nearby is affecting Taj Mahal
3.Defeat the purpose of AMASR Act and Art-48 of constitution
Way forward
1.Allow on case-by-case basis rather than blanket approval
-------Basic Topic---------
-----What is architecture?-----
-Science of Construction of Building
---Why developed?-------
Changes in Economy----reflected in changes in Structure build---thus various types of architecture developed.
Benefit
1.Aesthetic
2.Knowledge of our past eg-More use of expensive material in the construction---more developed society.
3.Religious-Worship and Knowledge of religion
4.Tourism
5.As a reminder of past glory.
6.Knowledge of adaptation to the environment need which can be used in present day need---for eg-various building in past were earthquake resistance which can be used for making such building today
7.Knowledge of mathematics and other discipline---like use of angles in the building
8.as a source of technology that can be used for todays need
9.Motivate people to make out present and future better
Type of architecture in India
1.Indus Valley Civilization(3300BC - 1700BC)
-Main Features-
A-Well and Drainage System
B-Water Reservoir
C-Bath and Toilet
D-Grid Layout Plan
2.Post Maha Janpadas(600 BC-200 BC)
-Main Types
A-Stupas
B-Temples
C-Rock-Cut Stepwell
D-Walled and Mooted Cities
3.High middle ages(200 AD-1200 AD)
-Main Types
A-Temple building reached its pinnacle
B-Nalanda and Valabhi University Building
4.Late middle ages(1100AD-1526AD)
Main Types
A-Vijayanagara Architecture
B-Hoysala Architecture
5.Early modern period(1500-1947)
-Main Types
A-mughal architecture
B-Indo-Islamic architecture
C-maratha architecture
D-Sikh Architecture
6.European Colonial Architecture
-Indo-Saracenic revival architecture.
7.After Independence architecture
-Urban Architecture
------Difference Between Architecture and Sculpture----
Sculpture--No inhibited, no activity take place inside, no human safety requirement is there
-----Issue with Indian Architecture-----
1.Not planned development
2.Build around metropolitian
3.Slums
4.No proper maintenance of past architecture
5.No autonomy to Archeological survey of india
6.No Digitalisation of architecture lists
7.Conflict between development and Preservation of architecture.
8.manpower shortage---CAG report,2013
9.Implementation of policy for preservation of architecture
10.Vandal activities and stolen of artifacts from monuments
11.construction of additional facilities over old one.
12.lack of funds, enthu
13.political-encroacher Nexus
-----Constitution and Law---------
1.DPSP--Art-49----prevention of monument and places and object of national importance
2.Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act,1958
3.Antiquities ans Art Treasure Act, 1972.
-----Institutions-----
1.Archeological Survey of India
2.Ministry of Culture
------Unesco World Heritage Site----
1.Historic City of Ahmadabad---2017
2.Nalanda University---2016
----Way to preserve architecture-----
Long Term
1.Increasing awareness among masses
2.Promotion to Sustainable Development.
Short term
1.Clear-cut policies
2.Linking it with tourism promotion so thats its preservation become market based
3.Better Skilling and training of manpower
4.More autonomy and independent working of ASI(archeological survey of india)
5.Keep Factories away
6.Stop vandalisers
7.involving local community in its conservation
8.Partnership with private sector for conservation.
------Steps taken so far-----
1.ASI divided country into 24 circles
2.Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act,1958--Repair in private hands except religious sites. Way of preservation under this
A-Chemical preservation
B-Structural preservation
C-Awareness programme
3.Antiquities ans Art Treasure Act, 1972.
4.Archeological survey of India created
5.Ministry of culture
6.Refering sites for UNESCO recognition
7.heritage register in India---incl list of protected monuments and monuments of national importance
8.List if historic house museaums in India like city palace, jaipur
9.Museaum ships in India like INS Chapal and INS vikrant
10.Indian Memory Project--online archive trace the history of Indian Subcontinent
11.National Mission on Indian Tangible heritage -in 2013.
12.HRIDAY project----conservation of heritage site would be taken care
-----Current Issue-----
Amendment to Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act,1958 proposed---
Proposal
1.Allow construction of ""public"" infrastructure like bridges, highways within 100 metres of protected monuments but only for projects approved and sanctioned by the Union government.
Present Status-
A-Such Construction is prohibited,
B-Bye-law is issued for every project
Why?
1.Projects get stalled due to restrictions and engineers have to redesign their project eg-
The India Trade Promotion Organisation (ITPO) realigned its 1.1km Mathura Road-Ring Road underpass cutting through Pragati Maidan as the project was too close to Purana Quila and Sher Shah Suri’s fort.
Issue
1.Already Monuments are not well protected, such amendment would further endanger the heritage sites
2.Such construction would lead to destruction of heritage site as negative effect of structure around it--for eg--pollution around the nearby is affecting Taj Mahal
3.Defeat the purpose of AMASR Act and Art-48 of constitution
Way forward
1.Allow on case-by-case basis rather than blanket approval
Qustn for prelims
1.Select the Correct option
(i)-Archeological Survey of India is a statutory body
(ii)-It is established under the Ministry of Culture
A-only option (i) is correct
B-only option (ii) is correct
C-both (i) and (ii) are correct
D-neither (i) nor (ii) is correct.
Qustn for Mains
1.Compare the architecture of Harappan Civilization and Present day architecture. What can we learn from Harappan Civilization for the improvement of our present structure?(12.5 marks)
Qustn for interview
1.Difference between architecture and sculpture?
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