Doklam Standoff(With Video in Hindi)+ Basic of India-China relation

Doklam Standoff

History-Calcullat convention of 1890---boundary between sikkim and china.

Issue--

Background---In calcutta convention bhutan was not the party and boundary dispute between -----china and bhutan hasn't been resolved.

Claims-

- Indian---near Batang La,

--China claims--at Mt. Gipmochi further south.

--Bhutan--- are rather equivocal about China’s claims, acknowledging that Tibetan graziers had free access to the Doklam plateau and the Dorsa Nala area, but accept the fact that the tri-junction is locat d at batang la.

Recent--China constructing road in doklam sector.---Indian troops crosses doka la(western part of doklam) to stop construction

Distinction-Longest boundary standoff between both troops since 1962 war.

Why india is involved

1.2007 friendship treaty between Bhutan and china---to coordinate on national interest

2.threat to national security of india

3.if accoet it chinas border would come close to vulnerable chicken neck,silguri corridor--lifeline to northeast

China claim

1.issue of national sovereignity

Why both are restraining

1.India-Eco growth would be diverted

2.China--eco growth is already slowing down and china want to not divert attention from eco growth

Way Forward

1.Diplomatic steps--not working as of now

2.Special Representative Meeting(SRM) ---Good Option

Other relation angles

Pakistan

Recent development

1.Chinese troops join pak day parade----first tym chinese troops participated in foreign country

Afghanistan

--Common interest btw india and china----

1.trade,terrorism,investment,

Issue---pakistan objection of India's involvement in Afghanistan

South China Sea

What is so special of this area.

1.2nd most used sea lanes

2.marine biodiversity-fishing

3.28 billioncubic oil

4.266 trillion ft^3 natiral gas

Chinas claim

1.9 dash line claim by china--constitute 90% of south china water

Why asean cusnt resolve the issue

1.This is partly due to the fact that not all 10 ASEAN members are claimants to the South China Sea

2.. Another reason is that members of ASEAN have overlapping claims among themselves.

3. Moreover, bilateral relations between China and some smaller ASEAN members, such as Laos and Cambodia, are also a factor.

4.Because of its economic and military power, China has been able to win over some ASEAN members.

Reason for dispute

1.one, the resources of these waters — from fisheries to minerals and hydrocarbons — have acquired greater economic significance.

2. For another, the growing prosperity in Asia has brought forth resurgent nationalism that is willing to aggressively pursue territorial claims rather than find compromises.

3.The shifting balance of military power between China and the US, and

4.the expanding naval capabilities across Asia have added to this turbulence.

Indias example

1.example of India, which accepted two years ago the award from the PCA in the maritime territorial dispute filed by Bangladesh.

----Recent Steps-----

1.china establishing artificial islands in south china sea

2.china warns india to not to go for oil exploration in south china sea w/o permission

3.modi visit us and joint state,ent on south china sea

4.obama visit to india ,joint statement on asia-pacific region

Geo

----Water-----

Water hegemony

Dams on rivers

1.The Mekong, Southeast Asia’s lifeline that is running at a record low since late last year, is just one of the international rivers China has dammed. It has also targeted the Brahmaputra, the Arun, the Indus, the Sutlej, the Irtysh, the Illy, the Amur and the Salween.

Issue

1.china didnt join mekong commission despite the main source of mekong which effect lower xountries

2.but initiated lancang-mekong initiatitive fir political reason

3.largest no of large dam

4.no water sharing treaty with any lower basin country

5.with asia already having low fresh water availibility

6.hulding more dams on international river

Reason

1.to supply electricity to its growing evonomy

Effect

1.downstream countries facing drought

2.water depletion

Steps to make relationship better

1.hotline btw china and india

2.In June 2012, China stated its position that "Sino-Indian ties" could be the most "important bilateral partnership of the century"

History

Ancient

1.The Silk Road not only served as a major trade route between India and China, but is also credited for facilitating the spread of Buddhism from India to East Asia.

2.

During britsh rule

1.During the 19th century, China's growing opium trade with the British Rajtriggered the First and Second Opium Wars.[3][4]

2.During World War II, India and China both played a crucial role in halting the progress of Imperial Japan.[5]

After Independence

1.The modern relationship began in 1950 when India was among the first countries to end formal ties with the Republic of China (Taiwan) and recognize the PRC as the legitimate government of Mainland China.

Military Dispute

1.the Sino-Indian War of 1962, --------

---Area Fought---Askai Chn and Arunachal radesh

2.the Chola incident in 1967,

3.1987 Sino-Indian skirmish.

Border Dispute.

1.Aksai Chin, is claimed by India as part of the state of Jammu and Kashmir and region of Ladakh but is controlled and administered as part of the Chinese autonomous region of Xinjiang.

2.Arunachal Pradesh----South of macmohan line-----The McMahon Line was part of the 1914 Simla Convention between British India and Tibet, an agreement rejected by China

Boundary Line

1.The Johnson Line----In askai chin---inlc askai chin under indian control

2.Macartney-Macdonald Line----in askai chin----inlc askai chin under china control

3.The McMahon Line---in arunachal pradesh region.

4.Line of actual control--in narrow sense just western border ad broader sense whole boundary between india and china

The demarcation existed as the informal cease-fire line between India and China after the 1962 conflict until 1993, when its existence was officially accepted as the 'Line of Actual Control' in a bilateral agreement

Steps to resolve military dispute

1.1960 meetings to resolve the boundary question----between Nehru and Zhou Enlai

Indias reasonse

1.In 2014, India proposed China should acknowledge "One India" policy to resolve the border dispute

After 1980s----both were on path of development and eco development need encourage better relations

1.both countries have successfully rebuilt diplomatic and economic ties.

Economical

Status

1.china is indias largest trading partner.

Issue

1.Trade imbalance in favour of china